When teeth develop dental decay, the infection over time damages the enamel and dentin. With time, the infection extends to the pulp of the tooth. This area has the blood supply to the tooth. Since this area is closed space the infection cannot easily resolve and the pulp becomes infected and necrotic.

The patient usually feels pain and at times significant swelling develops. The treatment involves removal of infected pulp chamber and replacement with special material that permanently seal the tooth.